Lesson Plan: Phonics
#### Topic: Hard and Soft 'C'
**Grade Level:** Primary 6
**Duration:** 60 minutes
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### Objectives:
- Students will be able to differentiate between the hard 'c' and soft 'c' sounds.
- Students will identify words that contain hard and soft 'c' sounds.
- Students will practice pronouncing words with both hard and soft 'c' sounds correctly.
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### Materials:
- Whiteboard and markers
- Flashcards with words containing hard and soft 'c'
- Worksheets for individual practice
- Audio clips or online resources with word pronunciations (optional)
- Chart paper or poster board
- Markers or colored pens
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### Vocabulary:
- Hard 'c' sound (e.g., cat, cake, coat)
- Soft 'c' sound (e.g., city, circle, cent)
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### Warm-Up (10 minutes):
1. **Greeting:** Greet students and engage in a brief, friendly conversation to create a positive classroom atmosphere.
2. **Introduction:** Write the letter 'C' on the whiteboard. Ask students if they know that 'c' can make two different sounds.
3. **Phonemic Awareness Activity:** Play a quick listening game. Say a word aloud (e.g., cat or city) and ask students to indicate with a thumbs up for a hard 'c' and thumbs down for a soft 'c'.
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### Direct Instruction (20 minutes):
1. **Explain Hard 'c' and Soft 'c':**
- Write "cat" and "city" on the whiteboard.
- Explain that "c" followed by 'a,' 'o,' or 'u' usually makes a hard 'c' sound (/k/).
- Explain that "c" followed by 'e,' 'i,' or 'y' usually makes a soft 'c' sound (/s/).
2. **Group Practice with Flashcards:**
- Hold up flashcards one at a time with words that have either a hard or soft 'c'.
- Students will say the word and identify whether the 'c' is hard or soft.
- Example words: cake, cent, coat, circle, cube, place.
3. **Visual Aid Creation:**
- On a piece of chart paper, divide it into two columns: "Hard 'C' Words" and "Soft 'C' Words".
- As a class, generate a list of words in each category to display in the classroom.
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### Guided Practice (15 minutes):
1. **Worksheet Activity:**
- Pass out worksheets with a list of words.
- Students will sort the words into two columns: Hard 'C' and Soft 'C'.
- Example words to include: cello, comic, cycle, cut, central, carry.
2. **Partner Reading:**
- In pairs, students will read a short passage containing words with both hard and soft 'c' sounds.
- Partners should take turns reading and helping each other identify the sounds.
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### Independent Practice (10 minutes):
1. **Silent Reading:**
- Give students a short story or passage with a mix of hard and soft 'c' words.
- Ask them to underline all of the 'c' words and then classify them as hard or soft on a blank sheet of paper.
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### Closure (5 minutes):
1. **Review and Share:**
- Briefly review the difference between the hard and soft 'c' sounds.
- Ask a few students to share words they found with the class.
2. **Exit Slip:**
- Have students write one sentence using a word with a hard 'c' and one sentence using a word with a soft 'c' and hand it in as they leave.
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### Assessment:
- Check worksheets and exit slips to ensure students can correctly identify and use hard and soft 'c' words.
- Observe participation during group and partner activities as well as individual practice.
- Evaluate students’ oral pronunciation during reading activities.
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### Extension Activities:
- **Word Hunt:** Assign students to find additional hard and soft 'c' words in their reading books or environment at home.
- **Creative Writing:** Have students write a short story or a few paragraphs using at least five hard 'c' words and five soft 'c' words.
The lesson plan covers auditory, visual, and kinesthetic learning styles by incorporating listening activities, visual charts, and hands-on sorting tasks, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of the hard and soft 'c' sounds.